BiblicalApproved
The Real Presence
Catholics believe the Eucharist is truly the Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Jesus Christ—the source and summit of Christian life.
Open argumentArguments
See the case. Check the sources.
BiblicalIn review
Scripture and Sacred Tradition
Catholics hold Scripture as inspired and authoritative, but not isolated from apostolic Tradition or the Church's teaching office. The Bible itself points beyond Bible-alone as a complete system.
Open argumentBiblicalApproved
The Papacy and Peter
Catholics see Peter's role as a gift for visible unity, not a rival to Christ. Keys, strengthening the brethren, and feeding the sheep frame the office continued in the bishops of Rome.
Open argumentBiblicalApproved
Mary's Intercession
Catholics ask Mary to pray with them because Christ is the one mediator, not because Mary replaces him. Good Marian devotion always leads to Jesus.
Open argumentPhilosophicalDraft
Objective Morality and Natural Law
If some acts are truly right or wrong, morality needs a ground deeper than preference. Catholic natural law ties moral truth to human nature and ultimately to God.
Open argumentPhilosophicalIn review
The Problem of Evil
Suffering is the hardest objection to faith. Catholic teaching refuses cheap answers, holds creation's goodness, freedom, providence, and the cross together, and aims at hope without denial.
Open argumentPhilosophicalApproved
The Existence of God
Catholic faith holds that God's existence can be known by reason and is fully revealed in Christ. Apologetics begins here: creation, contingency, moral law, and the search for meaning.
Open argumentHistoricalApproved
The Resurrection of Jesus
Christianity stands or falls with the bodily resurrection of Jesus. It is historical claim, theological center, and the ground of hope for the dead.
Open argumentMagisterialApproved
Grace and Justification
We are saved by grace through faith, and justification is not a legal fiction alone. God makes the sinner righteous, calling for free cooperation that is itself grace-enabled.
Open argumentMagisterialApproved
Purgatory
Purgatory is the final purification of those who die in God's grace but are not yet wholly purified. It is mercy, not a second chance after final rejection of God.
Open argumentHistoricalApproved
Apostolic Succession
The apostles' mission continues through bishops in historical succession. Succession is about fidelity of office and faith, not mere paperwork.
Open argumentHistoricalApproved
Development of Doctrine
Doctrine grows in understanding without contradicting the apostolic deposit. Development explains why later clarity—Trinity, canon, Marian dogmas—can be faithful rather than invented.
Open argument